Lt. Governor Tina Smith, Human Services Commissioner Emily Piper Announce $16.6 million in Grants to Address Opioid Crisis

ST. PAUL, MN – Today, Lt Governor Tina Smith and Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS) Commissioner Emily Piper visited Wayside Recovery Center in St. Louis Park to announce $16.6 million in grants to combat the state's opioid crisis. At Wayside Recovery Center, Lt. Governor Smith and Commissioner Piper learned firsthand from providers and patients alike about the runaway epidemic that is opioid misuse. The grants will be awarded over the next three years to more than 30 agencies across the state including tribal governments, counties and community organizations.

"Opioid overdoses deaths have increased in Minnesota by 430 percent since 2000. These Minnesotans were our friends, neighbors, and family members,'" said Lt. Governor Tina Smith. "These new grants will help more Minnesotans all across the state get the assistance they need before it's too late. In the 2018 Legislative Session, our Administration will continue to urge the Legislature to make additional resources available for Minnesotans in need."

The grants aim to address the opioid crisis through prevention, treatment and recovery programs for substance use disorder, including prescription opioids and illicit drugs such as heroin. According to the Minnesota Department of Health, in 2008, less than ten Minnesotans died from heroin overdose. In 2015, that number had grown to 115, and in 2016, 142. In 2016, 2,450 total opioid overdoses were reported, including 376 deaths.

"This funding is critical to all our efforts to stop the terrible damage we've seen to individuals, families, and communities," said Commissioner Piper. "Minnesota-like the rest of the nation-is in the middle of an opioid crisis. No one needs to die of opioid overdose; too many lives have been lost already."

Wayside Recovery Center has received $721,800 to expand their peer recovery program, create a program that offers a bridge for women coming out of incarceration, and serve as consultation hub that will enhance training for medical professionals to treat people with opioid use disorders.

"We are excited to receive these grants, because it will allow us to reach even more women and give them the access to treatment they need," said Dr. Jessie Everts, Vice President of Clinical Programs at Wayside Recovery Center. "We need to offer them a variety of resources and tools, because recovery looks different to everyone."

The grants will supplement ongoing proven effective substance use disorder services across Minnesota, as well as offer new and innovative approaches. Grant activities will include:

· Expanding medication-assisted treatment, in both the number of providers and their geographic reach.

· Medication-assisted treatment combines behavioral therapy and medications to treat substance use disorders

· Making it easier and faster for people to receive a substance use disorder for treatment services.

· Increasing opioid-specific peer recovery and care coordination

· Piloting the Parent Child Assistance Program, a peer support program for pre- and post-natal mothers

· Expanding access to naloxone, a drug that serves as an immediate life-saving antidote to opioid overdose, for opioid treatment programs and emergency medical service teams

· Launching "Fast-Tracker," a website showing real-time treatment bed availability.

These opioid grants are the result of two grants to DHS from the federal government, secured by Minnesota's congressional delegation, led by Senator Amy Klobuchar and Senator Al Franken. These funds will be supplement by other state and federal dollars. This summer, a two-year, $10.6 Million "State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis" grant was awarded to the state to increase access to treatment, reduce unmet treatment need and reduce opioid overdose related deaths.

In September, a $2 million per year, three-year grant was awarded to Minnesota to expand Medication-Assisted Therapy through the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA). Signed into law in July 2016, CARA expands prevention and education efforts while also promoting treatment and recovery.

Opioid Grant Recipients

Expanded Medically-Assisted Treatment Services Grants

The following organizations received a 3-year federal grant to expand access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) in order to decrease the ongoing epidemic of opioid use and its terrible cost to individuals, families and communities.

Organization

Total 3-Year Grant Award

White Earth Nation

$1.8 million

Red Lake Nation

$1.5 million

Fairview Health Services

$1.4 million

State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis grants

The following organizations received 2-year grants aimed at addressing the opioid crisis through prevention, increasing access to treatment, and reducing opioid overdose related deaths.

Organization

Total 2-Year Grant

Description

American Indian Family Center

$54,400

· The projects will train and hire paraprofessional maternal outreach workers cross-trained in recovery support.

· These workers will be added to programs supported by Women's Recovery Services, a DHS grant program. The care model is inspired by the Parent Child Assistance Program, which is an evidence-based approach whose goals are to:

o Assist substance‐abusing pregnant and parenting mothers in obtaining substance use disorder treatment, staying in recovery, and resolving myriad complex problems related to their substance abuse.

o To link mothers to community resources that will help them build and maintain healthy, independent family lives, and to prevent the future births of alcohol and drug‐affected children.

Fond du Lac Band of Ojibwe Human Services

$57,400

Hope House of Itasca County

$59,200

Journey Home (St. Cloud Hospital Recovery Plus)

$110,000

Meeker-McLeod-Sibley (MMS) Counties Human Services

$57,400

Perspectives, Inc.

$59,800

Resource, Inc.

$73,000

RS Eden, Inc.

$66,600

Ramsey County Mothers First

$74,000

St. Stephens Human Services

(Kateri Residence)

$54,600

Wayside Recovery Center

$71,200

Wellcome Manor Family Services

$62,400

Clay County

$300,000

· The Clay County Detox will hire a full time care coordinator who will serve opioid use disorder clients and assist them with successful transitions for a continuum of care.

· Referral and assistance to access medication-assisted treatment will begin within the first 48 hours of admission to the detox facility and the coordinator will identify referring, treatment and support agencies in the county and surrounding communities.

· The care coordinator will integrate person centered planning as a key component for discharge planning.

Dakota Communities (contract with the Upper Sioux)

$554,938

· The Dakota Communities will develop an assessment tool based upon Dakota cultural strengths and resources to better assess the healing needs through a holistic and cultural lens.

· The Dakota Communities will design and develop a collaborative care plan that is coordinated between, and capitalizes upon, the cultural strengths and resources of the four Dakota communities in Minnesota.

· The Dakota Communities will design and develop a plan for a culturally intrinsic healing center and transitional housing facility that more effectively and sustainably responds to the opioid epidemic in the four Minnesota Dakota communities.

Hennepin County Medical Center

$1,025,000

· HCMC Division of Addiction Medicine will serve as Minnesota's Project ECHO hub. Along with other ECHO sites throughout Minnesota, HCMC will engage Minnesota's medical communities in a series of learning collaboratives via videoconference "clinics" focusing on evidence-based assessment and management of patients with opioid use disorders and associated comorbidities.

· The teaching faculty and audience will be multidisciplinary and work together to discuss patient needs within the context of effective, patient-centric models of health care delivery.

· HCMC will assist community providers in the stabilization of their patients through education, consultation, and direct care with the ultimate goal of empowering general medical practices to bring quality evidence-based care to their patients.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

$150,000

· The Integrated Care for High Risk Pregnancies (ICHRP) supports programs targeted at opiate use during pregnancy.

· The grant supports planning, system development and integration of medical, chemical dependency, public health, social services and child welfare.

· Additional funds have been added to support the training and hiring of paraprofessionals to the care team. These workers will have knowledge and skills related to peer recovery support, maternity care, system navigation and advocacy.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

$264,000

· The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe's AHNJI-BII-MAH-DIZ Halfway House in Cass Lake will reduce recidivism and re-offense among Native American offenders that have a history of opioid misuse. AHNJI-BII-MAH-DIZ will provide care coordination in a transitional housing setting to help clients successfully transition from correctional facilities back to their communities.

· Clients will develop individual treatment plans, set employment goals and work on strategies for long-term housing.

· At AHNJI-BII-MAH-DIZ clients will have access to a network of social support and community wellness programs that will aid in their successful transition back into the community.

Meridian

$399,860

· Valhalla Place will target high-risk active opioid users, along with their friends and families, to provide education about opioid overdose and train them to use Naloxone to reverse an opioid overdose.

· Naloxone kits will be distributed through syringe exchange programs, community outreach agencies, Native American/Tribal organizations and substance use disorder treatment programs to promote access to treatment whenever possible.

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

$75,000

· The Integrated Care for High Risk Pregnancies (ICHRP) supports programs targeted at opiate use during pregnancy.

· The grant supports planning, system development and integration of medical, chemical dependency, public health, social services and child welfare. Additional funds have been added to support the training and hiring of paraprofessionals to the care team.

· These workers will have knowledge and skills related to peer recovery support, maternity care, system navigation and advocacy.

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

$247,531

· The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe (MLBO) Nenda-Noojimig Mino Gigizheb Program will integrate a coordinated plan of care for Native American Indian community members, aged 18 or older, who self-identify as experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD).

· The program will provide long-term coordinated care through improving access to culturally specific opioid disorder treatment, decreasing the current gaps in unmet treatment needs and reducing opioid related deaths through increased prevention, treatment and recovery efforts related to OUD.

· The MLBO Nenda-Noojimig ("Those ones who seek healing") Mino Gigizheb ("It is a good morning") Program will integrate a coordinated plan of care for Native American Indian community members, aged 18 or older, who self-identify as experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD).

· The program will undertake an assessment to develop a blueprint for opioid community response that will create an action plan on how to implement strategies to decrease the burden of opioid misuse, abuse and overdose in the MLBO community, address public awareness, provider education, and access to treatment.

Minnesota Department of Health

$300,000

· MDH will provide Minnesota's eight regional Emergency Medical Service (EMS) programs with funds to purchase opiate antagonists. EMS and law enforcement officers will be trained in the recognition, response and treatment of drug overdose.

Minnesota Hospital Association

$50,000

· The Minnesota Hospital Association Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) subgroup will develop a roadmap to better identify, screen and treat NAS.

· The roadmap will be based on published literature and evidence based best practices, incorporating expert feedback from obstetricians, perinatologists and neonatologists in partnership with patients and multi-disciplinary leaders.

· The roadmap will help medical professionals identify opioid addiction early during pregnancy to increase the number of women accessing appropriate treatment before giving birth, guide providers to newborn assessment tools to help with early identification, and share best practices in NAS treatment to help hospitals and health systems make decisions about treatment.

Minnesota Indian Women's Resource Center

$93,075

· Nokomis Endaad, of the Minnesota Indian Women's Resource Center, will provide care coordination to clients who have mental health, housing, or medical needs, in addition to economic assistance and life skills support.

· Included is their weekly Women's Sobriety Support group which is an avenue for women to develop and maintain relationships with other sober women in the community.

Minnesota Mental Health Community Foundation

$134,125

· Fast-Tracker is an online, searchable database of substance use disorder and opioid use disorder treatment programs and resources.

· The Minnesota Mental Health Community Foundation's Fast-TrackerMNSUD.org will offer searchers information about programs, availability, services offered, and special aspects of each program.

· Emergency contacts and information about life-saving resources are available on every page online anytime. Fast-TrackerMnSUD.org is also a resource for information offering information and links to more.

Native American Community Clinic

$130,000

· NACC will increase access to opioid-related treatment and improve retention in care through the expansion of their medically assisted treatment program. NACC plans to train a provider for the addition of one new office based opioid treatment provider to prescribe buprenorphine/naloxone to increase their capability of prescribing to 130 patients. NACC will build on its comprehensive program with Minneapolis-based White Earth Substance Abuse Treatment Program to screen and to provide intake, daily dosing, nurse care coordination and recovery services (counseling at NACC and recovery groups at White Earth). NACC will prioritize American Indian pregnant women for the program.

· NACC will develop a syringe exchange program in partnership with the community organization. The syringe exchange program will greatly decrease the risk for transmission of blood borne pathogens (HIV, Hepatitis C) as well as provide an opportunity for nurse triage, overdose prevention education with naloxone, and referral and linkage to critical health resources. Under this community partnership, NACC will provide sterile needles, syringes and biohazard sharps removal. NACC will provide in-kind registered nurse and community health worker time to assist in staffing of the syringe exchange

Recovery is Happening

$418,731

·

· Recovery is Happening (RIH) will hire two peer recovery specialists to assist clients suffering from opioid use disorder. The peer recovery specialists will help provide a comprehensive approach to recovery by replacing "referrals" to treatment with "accompaniment and support."

· The peer accompanies the individual to every needed appointment and ensures that all providers are working together to provide appropriate services directed at achieving long term recovery. The peer recovery specialists will attend medicated assisted recovery implementation team training. The training will teach the implementation team how to replicate the medicated assisted recovery model at RIH, including peer recovery support and education about medication-assisted treatment and recovery.

· RIH will employ a full-time Rule 25 assessors to provide substance use disorder assessment at RIH, as well as off campus by appointment to meet individuals where they are in the entire southeastern Minnesota region.

· Further, the assessor will be available for outreach in adult detention centers, detox centers, and hospitals to facilitate urgent evaluations for those incarcerated or on commitment with opioid use disorder. This will remove administrative hurdles and allowing for immediate connection with a recovery community, peer recovery specialists, medicated assisted recovery groups, intensive long-term outpatient treatment, housing and more.

Red Lake Nation

$150,000

· The Integrated Care for High Risk Pregnancies (ICHRP) supports programs targeted at opiate use during pregnancy. The grant supports planning, system development and integration of medical, chemical dependency, public health, social services and child welfare.

· Additional funds have been added to support the training and hiring of paraprofessionals to the care team. These workers will have knowledge and skills related to peer recovery support, maternity care, system navigation and advocacy.

Rural AIDS Action Network

$249,986

· Provide syringe exchange services and naloxone training and distribution to community members and professionals.

St. Louis County

$675,000

· The Opioid Withdrawal Management Unit (OWMU) is a six bed, continuum of care unit embedded within the Center for Alcohol and Drug Treatment Detox Unit providing a medically supervised environment for opioid withdrawal including Methadone or Suboxone. Expected length of stay is 3-5 days. Once stable, patients are referred to an appropriate level of care. The OWMU provides immediate access to an array of treatment services for opioid overdose survivors removing the barrier of wait times that often result in fatal overdoses.

· Activities to expand access to naloxone within the Carlton and St. Louis county communities include partnering with UMD College of Pharmacy and the Rural AIDS Action Network (RAAN) to train prescribers, pharmacists, student leaders, local coalitions and drug court participants and their families in the distribution and use of naloxone. In addition, RAAN and Carlton and St. Louis counties will deliver naloxone directly to opioid users in rural Northern Carlton and St. Louis counties as well as clean syringe exchange and HIV HEP-C testing eliminating the barrier of people driving over 100 miles one way in order to get to the Duluth RAAN office for these life-saving services.

· The OBOT (office-based opioid treatment) project is embedded in a treatment continuum including an OWMU, ClearPath MAT (medication-assisted treatment) Clinic, and Center for Alcohol and Drug Treatment Rule 31 outpatient treatment. The OBOT project will offer an array of options entirely driven by a holistic and individualized care plan with the ability to respond to a wide range of patient severity, complexity, motivation to change and recover. The OBOT project will work to recruit additional waivered physicians and will maintain a support system for physicians and their patients as needed. The OBOT project will reduce unmet treatment needs.

The Steve Rummler HOPE Network

$200,000

· Provide training and naloxone kits to any individual or group in need, including hospitals and healthcare agencies, first responders, treatment centers, sober living facilities, treatment court and the public; Educate and provide opioid overdose rescue kits to populations and regions of Minnesota identified as Minnesota's potential opioid service gaps.

· Counties in this initiative include: Beltrami, Stearns, Dakota, Washington, Nobles, Carlton, St. Louis, Crow Wing Baker, Polk, Roseau, Clearwater, Cass, Mahnomen, Hennepin and neighboring regions.

Unity Family Healthcare d/b/a St. Gabriel's Health

$293,331

· CHI St. Gabriel's Health will provide expertise and experience on best practices in addressing opioid use disorder in the family practice setting.

Wayside Recovery Center

$650,600

· Wayside will serve as a Project ECHO hub, providing capacity and competency building regarding best practices that best serve pregnant, post-partum and parenting women struggling with opioid dependence.

· Wayside Recovery Center will increase their Peer Recovery services to assist with transitions between levels of care, better integration into community life, be supported, and engage in long-term relationships with Wayside in order to achieve a sustainable future on the recovery journey.

· Women who are pregnant, post-partum or parenting who are also incarcerated and need opioid based treatment options many times fall through the cracks. Wayside will offer treatment and recovery liaisons who will go into the community and offer out-reach, assessments, and transition care coordination for those

White Earth Nation

$150,000

· The Integrated Care for High Risk Pregnancies (ICHRP) supports programs targeted at opiate use during pregnancy. The grant supports planning, system development and integration of medical, chemical dependency, public health, social services and child welfare.

· Additional funds have been added to support the training and hiring of paraprofessionals to the care team. These workers will have knowledge and skills related to peer recovery support, maternity care, system navigation and advocacy.

Wilder Recovery Services

$124,669

· Wilder Recovery Services will offer bilingual, bicultural care coordination services to clients in its outpatient treatment program, which specializes in serving clients from Southeast Asian backgrounds with dual diagnosis mental health and substance use disorders. The primary goal of care coordination is supporting the whole-client, whole-family recovery journey, all from a culturally-affirming and responsive lens while building an active continuum of care relationships with other providers and support services in the state of Minnesota.

· Wilder Recovery Services will offer bilingual, bicultural peer recovery services to clients in its outpatient treatment program, which specializes in serving clients from Southeast Asian backgrounds with dual diagnosis mental health and substance use disorders.

· Peer Recovery services will offer one-on-one support to clients with an opioid use disorder in both the outpatient treatment program and aftercare groups. The peer will provide non-clinical services such as mentorship and peer support; destigmatize the process of addiction, treatment and recovery; and support the care coordinator and client in completing community referrals and recovery goals such as housing, employment, education, and basic needs.

Proposed "Penny a Pill" Opioid Stewardship Program

Both Governor Dayton and Lt. Governor Smith have urged the Legislature to hear and pass legislation establishing an Opioid Stewardship Program. This program would require opioid manufacturers to pay a "penny a pill" fee, which would generate $42 million every two years. These funds would be dedicated exclusively to opiate abuse prevention and treatment in Minnesota. The proposal was sponsored by State Senator Julie Rosen, State Senator Chris Eaton, and State Representative Dave Baker, and included in Governor Dayton's 2017 Supplemental Budget proposal. Unfortunately, the bill did not receive a legislative hearing in the House of Representatives last session, and was not approved by the Legislature.

Efforts Already Underway in Minnesota

The following efforts are already underway to address opioid abuse prevention, emergency response, treatment and recovery, and more in Minnesota.

Prevention Efforts

· Opioid Abuse Prevention Pilot Projects – In 2017, Governor Dayton and the Minnesota Legislature provided a $1 million one-time grant to build on a successful treatment approach, establishing opioid abuse prevention pilot projects in Minnesota. This grant will build capacity among health care and other service providers to prevent and treat opioid addiction, especially in rural Minnesota. The 2017 Health and Human Services budget also included a $1 million one-time investment for a chronic pain rehabilitation therapy demonstration project.

· Federal Strategic Prevention Framework for Prescription Drugs – In 2016, Minnesota received a $1.5 million federal grant over five years to prevent and reduce opioid abuse and reduce opioid overdoses. The grant requires that state agencies: 1) design, implement, enhance, and evaluate primary prevention efforts using evidence-based methods; 2) work with pharmaceutical and medical communities on risks of overprescribing; and 3) raise community awareness and bring opioid abuse prevention activities and education to schools, communities, parents, prescribers, and their patients.

· Limiting Opioid Prescriptions and Improving Warning Efforts – In 2017, Governor Dayton and the Legislature passed a law requiring opiate prescriptions to contain a label that says "Caution: Opioid: Risk of overdose and addiction." The bill also limits opiates to a four-day supply for certain situations of dental or ophthalmic pain but provides health care providers discretion if he/she determines that a larger quantity is needed.

· Opioid Prescribing Workgroup at the Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS) – In 2015, the Minnesota Legislature established an Opioid Prescribing Workgroup at DHS to reduce opioid dependency and substance use due to the prescribing of opioids by health care providers. The group is developing statewide guidelines on appropriate opioid prescribing for acute pain, post-acute pain, and chronic pain, which will be published later this year. The group is also charged with developing resources for providers to communicate with patients about pain management, as well as implementing an opioid prescribing quality improvement program for health care providers whose practices do not meet required standards.

· Pharmacy Drop-Off Sites: In 2016, the Legislature passed and the Governor signed legislation allowing any Minnesota pharmacy to be a drop-off site for unused prescriptions, including opioids.

Emergency Response

· Steve's Law – In 2014, Governor Dayton and the Minnesota Legislature enacted "Steve's Law," which allows non-health care providers to administer Naloxone, a life-saving drug used to treat those who have overdosed on opioids. The bill also provides immunity from criminal and civil charges if an individual seeks emergency medical assistance in the case of a drug overdose. Immunity is also provided for the individual experiencing the overdose.

Treatment and Recovery

· Substance Use Disorder Treatment Reform – In 2017, Governor Dayton and the Minnesota Legislature enacted new reforms to Minnesota's substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system to move from an acute, episodic-based system to a client-centered model of care, with an emphasis on managing SUD as a chronic disease. These changes remove barriers that have prevented Minnesotans on Medical Assistance from accessing substance abuse treatment. The reform package allows patients to more quickly access services, and adds important services like withdrawal management, care coordination and peer support.

· Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioids – In 2017, Governor Dayton and the Minnesota Legislature provided $825,000 for health care providers to purchase direct injectable drugs to treat opioid addiction. The Minnesota Department of Corrections is also developing a strategic plan to expand access to MAT for the criminal justice-system. The Minnesota Department of Human Services has also received a $6 million MAT expansion grant. The project is a partnership with the Red Lake Nation, the White Earth Nation, and Fairview Health Services.

· Integrated Care for High-Risk Pregnancies: This Legislation passed and was signed by the Governor in 2015 to support five Minnesota tribes to provide integrated services to identify and treat pregnant mothers and infants exposed to opioids, including community supports.

Other Efforts

· National Governors Association (NGA) Prescription Drug Abuse Academy – In 2014, Minnesota was selected as one of six states to participate in a year-long prescription drug abuse academy coordinated by the National Governors Association (NGA). This led to the formation of the State Government Opioid Oversight Project (SOOP) with the Minnesota Departments of Human Services, Corrections, Education, Health, Labor and Industry, Public Safety, the State Judicial Branch, Board of Pharmacy, Board of Medical Practice, Board of Dentistry, Board of Nursing and Board of Podiatry. The group meets regularly to coordinate opioid-related activities across state government.

· National Governors Association (NGA) Policy Academy – In 2016, Minnesota participated in a National Governors Association (NGA) program focused on coordinating public safety and public health data on opioid overdoses. This led to Governor Dayton's 2017 budget proposal for $200,000 to improve data coordination between public health and public safety organizations (described in more detail below).

Proposals Not Funded by the Legislature

Governor Dayton also made the following proposals to address the opioid crisis in Minnesota. Unfortunately, these proposals have not been approved by the Legislature.

· "Penny a Pill" Opioid Stewardship Program – This program would require opioid manufacturers to pay a "penny a pill" fee, which would generate $42 million every two years. These funds would be dedicated exclusively to opiate abuse prevention and treatment in Minnesota. The proposal was sponsored by State Senator Julie Rosen, State Senator Chris Eaton, and State Representative Dave Baker, and included in Governor Dayton's 2017 Supplemental Budget proposal. Unfortunately, the bill did not receive a legislative hearing in the House last session, and was not approved by the Legislature.

· Funding to Prevent Opioid Overdoses in American Indian Communities – In 2017, based on feedback from the Opioid Summit, Governor Dayton proposed a $4 million investment to fund prevention programs to reduce opioid abuse among Minnesota's Tribal Nations and urban American Indian communities. Unfortunately, this proposal was not funded by the Legislature.

· Improved Data Coordination between Public Health and Public Safety Organizations – In 2017, Governor Dayton's budget proposal included $200,000 every two years to fund a drug analyst position at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA). This position would allow the BCA to begin work monitoring the drug threat to Minnesota, and to work closely with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) and other state and local agencies to allow more timely deployment of opioid response resources throughout the state. This proposal has been requested by law enforcement organizations. Unfortunately, this proposal was not funded by the Legislature. Nonetheless, the BCA is working with MDH on options to more effectively share data on opioids, at the request of Minnesota law enforcement.

· Expanded Violent Crime Enforcement Teams (VCET) – In 2017, Governor Dayton proposed investing $1 million in Violent Crime Enforcement Teams (VCET). This founding would expand the number and capacity of multijurisdictional task forces investigating narcotics, gangs, and violent crime statewide. Unfortunately, this proposal was not funded by the Legislature.

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